Job Openings -29% Since March, Employee Satisfaction Drops as Crisis Drags On

Key Findings

• U.S. job openings continue to decline to 4.3 million. Job openings are down 29 percent since early March but may soon bottom out.
•  Employees are increasingly dissatisfied with their employers' response to the prolonged COVID-19 crisis. Less than half (44 percent) of employee reviews on Glassdoor speak positively about their employers' COVID-19 response, a drop from the mid-April peak of 52 percent.
• Job openings rebound for travel & tourism (+14 percent month-over-month) and retail (+4.1 percent), even as reduced consumer demand ripples through high-tech industries like information technology (-9.1 percent) and biotech & pharmaceuticals (-6.7 percent).
• Northeastern states saw the most drastic decline in job openings over the last month (-10.3 percent), while the South (-0.1 percent) and West (-0.8 percent) have fared better. Some states like Arizona (+3.7 percent) saw job openings grow; however, as COVID-19 cases begin to rise in the South and West, it remains to be seen if the economic momentum can be maintained.

As the COVID-19 crisis enters its fourth month, the labor market impact continues to escalate. Glassdoor's latest Job Market Report shows that, as of June 8, job openings have declined to 4.3 million, down 29 percent from the beginning of March and down 0.3 percent from the week prior. Job openings declined in the week of May 25, as the Memorial Day holiday slowed hiring. However, unlike in previous years, job openings did not rebound on the other side. Instead, while job openings appeared on the verge of a sustained recovery before the Memorial Day decline, those signs have since abated and the job openings data shows we may not have reached the bottom yet. This continued decline in demand for new workers occurs against a backdrop of other improving labor market indicators, including a surprise jump in payrolls and a plateau in continuing claims. While rehiring some of the many furloughed workers is likely driving short-term job gains seen in other labor market indicators, depressed job openings may stifle the recovery if furloughed workers are rehired but demand for new workers remains muted.

  

Employee Satisfaction with Employers’ COVID-19 Response Dips

The COVID-19 crisis in the United States, now entering its fourth month, has fundamentally changed the workplace and required companies to adapt to help their employees through these unprecedented times. How employees view their employers’ responses has changed over time, Glassdoor data shows.   Today, about 5 percent of U.S. employee reviews submitted on Glassdoor daily mention COVID-19. As of June 14, less than half (44 percent) of these reviews speak positively of their employer’s response, a dip from a high of 52 percent in mid-April, but better than the dissatisfaction seen in March when positive sentiment was only at 8 percent.  The chart below shows how employees’ views of their employer’s response have changed over the course of the pandemic in the U.S. Since mid-April, satisfaction has trended down slightly as the crisis drags on and workers continue to report concern about layoffs, work-from-home arrangements and burnout.

Majority of Employers Have Reduced Job Openings

Based on an analysis of employer job posting behavior on Glassdoor, 69 percent employers have reduced their job openings since the beginning of March, with 27 percent of employers pulling down all job openings. 16 percent have increased job openings since the beginning of March, indicating that pockets of growing labor demand still exist in the economy.

Change in Job Openings by Industry

• Job openings for some of the hardest-hit industries like travel & tourism (+14 percent month-over-month) and retail (+4.1 percent) are now rebounding as restrictions on non-essential businesses are relaxed. However, demand for new workers is still substantially below pre-crisis levels, indicating that it will take time for these industries to climb out of the deep economic hole they're in.
• Restaurants & bars’ (+0.2 percent month-over-month) rebound in job openings is more muted. Even as businesses reopen, cautious consumer demand is likely to suppress the need for more workers.
• White collar industries continue to shed job openings, even in technical industries like information technology (-9.1 percent) and biotech & pharmaceuticals (-6.7 percent). The decline in job openings reflects reduced demand from consumers and businesses, as the impact of the crisis ripples through the economy.

Industries with the Largest Change in Job Openings

Largest Increase		Largest Decrease
Industry	MoM %	Industry	MoM %
Travel & Tourism	14.0%	Internet & Tech	-46.9%
Private Security	12.6%	Aerospace & Defense	-11.7%
Automotive	11.3%	Business Services	-9.6%
Consumer Services	10.6%	Information Technology	-9.1%
Wholesale	9.5%	Biotech & Pharmaceuticals	-6.7%

Source: Glassdoor Job Market Report, June 16, 2020

For more detailed data on job openings trends by industry and industry group, see our appendix below.

Change in Job Openings by State

• States in the South and West are among those with the fastest rebound in job openings. While job openings are improving in Arizona (+3.7 percent month-over-month), Alabama (+2.0 percent) and Florida (+1.5 percent), these are also states where experts are concerned about the rising number of COVID-19 cases. These will be important states and regions to watch in the coming weeks to see if the health risks of reopening can be mitigated while maintaining a faster economic recovery.
• States in the Northeast have seen the worst continuing declines in job openings, with 8 of the 10 states with the largest declines in job openings hailing from that region. These Northeast states, along with other states like Michigan, experienced some of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks and are seeing accumulating damage. It remains to be seen how quickly their economies can resume normal activity as outbreaks begin to abate.
• Remote job openings grew 13.1 percent month-over-month, over three times faster than job openings in any given state. While remote jobs are still a small percentage of overall job openings in the U.S., they're becoming a larger share at a time when many companies are already set up for and increasingly willing to accommodate work-from-home arrangements.

States with the Largest Change in Job Openings

Largest Increase		Largest Decrease
State	MoM %	State	MoM %
Arizona	3.7%	Massachusetts	-23.9%
Idaho	3.3%	New Hampshire	-14.8%
South Dakota	3.3%	New Jersey	-9.8%
Oregon	2.8%	Rhode Island	-9.2%
Utah	2.6%	Pennsylvania	-6.7%
Minnesota	2.1%	New York	-5.5%
Alabama	2.0%	Wisconsin	-4.6%
Louisiana	1.6%	Hawaii	-4.5%
Montana	1.6%	Maine	-4.4%
Florida	1.5%	Michigan	-4.1%

Source: Glassdoor Job Market Report, June 16, 2020

Change in Job Openings by Census Region

Census Region	MoM %
Northeast	-10.3%
Midwest	-1.7%
South	-0.1%
West	-0.8%

Note: Census Regions defined here.

Source: Glassdoor Job Market Report, June 16, 2020

For more detailed data on job openings trends by state and for select metropolitan areas, see our appendix below.

Conclusion

Improvement in some labor market indicators appear to signal that a recovery is underway. However, turning points are notoriously difficult to identify. Additionally, the current economic crisis overlays two separate effects on the labor markets: temporary layoffs from shutdowns and permanent layoffs from the decline in demand.  While the tens of millions of Americans on temporary layoff is enormous, the hope is that most of those workers will return to their jobs once the crisis has passed. Permanent job losses, however, run the risk of restraining the economy for years. Even if furloughed workers are largely rehired, depressed job openings point to a shortfall in demand for workers that will make it difficult to make a full economic recovery.

Methodology

To analyze review data, we identified U.S. reviews submitted to Glassdoor that contain keywords related to the crisis e.g. "coronavirus", "COVID-19", "quarantine", "shelter-in-place". Reviews that discuss the crisis in the "pros" were labeled as having positive sentiment, and discussions in the "cons" were labeled as negative. Review data metrics are smoothed using a 1-week trailing average. The job openings data for the selected dates is generated based on the methodology used in Glassdoor’s monthly Job Market Report, which provides a real-time view of hiring trends and wage growth across the U.S. based on millions of online jobs and salaries on Glassdoor. The data represents a snapshot of the number of job openings available on Glassdoor on the highlighted dates. Week-over-week, month-over-month and year-over-year comparisons are based on the Mondays from the comparable period. Except where otherwise noted, no additional smoothing, averaging or seasonal adjustment for job openings data is performed. Because no smoothing or averaging takes place, the data may not be directly comparable to Glassdoor's monthly Job Market Report.

Appendix

Each table may not sum up to total. For example, industry data may be missing for some employers.

Table A: Change in Job Openings by Industry

	Job Openings				Percent Change
	Jun 8, 2020	Jun 1, 2020	May 11, 2020	Jun 10, 2019
Category	Current Week	Last Week	Last Month	Last Year	Week-over-Week	Month-over-Month	Year-over-Year
Total	4,340,227	4,351,804	4,455,234	6,012,323	-0.3%	-2.6%	-27.8%
Accounting & Legal	30,875	31,067	32,354	35,578	-0.6%	-4.6%	-13.2%
Aerospace & Defense	58,467	58,128	66,233	84,967	0.6%	-11.7%	-31.2%
Architecture & Civil Engineering	26,550	26,713	27,877	43,645	-0.6%	-4.8%	-39.2%
Arts & Entertainment	23,386	22,685	24,323	57,251	3.1%	-3.9%	-59.2%
Automotive	69,484	66,867	62,419	97,692	3.9%	11.3%	-28.9%
Banking & Financial Services	86,873	84,468	90,833	140,543	2.8%	-4.4%	-38.2%
Beauty & Fitness	51,131	50,434	51,473	84,651	1.4%	-0.7%	-39.6%
Biotech & Pharmaceuticals	58,356	59,599	62,523	72,729	-2.1%	-6.7%	-19.8%
Business Services	6,696	6,827	7,409	12,392	-1.9%	-9.6%	-46.0%
Computer Software & Hardware	105,913	103,587	105,379	156,823	2.2%	0.5%	-32.5%
Construction	55,662	55,216	53,939	70,500	0.8%	3.2%	-21.0%
Consulting	54,680	54,683	55,695	76,932	0.0%	-1.8%	-28.9%
Consumer Electronics	6,923	6,924	6,700	13,363	0.0%	3.3%	-48.2%
Consumer Services	12,192	11,771	11,022	14,518	3.6%	10.6%	-16.0%
Education & Schools	161,292	161,842	172,437	247,932	-0.3%	-6.5%	-34.9%
Energy & Utilities	31,164	30,956	29,656	50,659	0.7%	5.1%	-38.5%
Facilities	36,028	35,896	35,658	46,530	0.4%	1.0%	-22.6%
Government	115,863	111,218	118,550	134,022	4.2%	-2.3%	-13.5%
Health Care & Hospitals	601,223	604,279	609,161	873,031	-0.5%	-1.3%	-31.1%
Information Technology	104,902	105,227	115,396	164,839	-0.3%	-9.1%	-36.4%
Insurance	57,037	56,120	55,449	83,329	1.6%	2.9%	-31.6%
Internet & Tech	80,953	88,140	152,341	60,973	-8.2%	-46.9%	32.8%
Manufacturing	143,493	145,719	147,126	228,982	-1.5%	-2.5%	-37.3%
Marketing & Advertising	45,086	45,015	44,997	60,519	0.2%	0.2%	-25.5%
Media & Publishing	11,494	11,366	12,096	28,424	1.1%	-5.0%	-59.6%
Nonprofit	56,920	55,823	55,664	73,224	2.0%	2.3%	-22.3%
Private Security	19,808	19,178	17,592	24,264	3.3%	12.6%	-18.4%
Real Estate	44,069	43,769	40,318	49,626	0.7%	9.3%	-11.2%
Restaurants & Bars	444,404	451,799	443,580	535,977	-1.6%	0.2%	-17.1%
Retail	338,292	331,065	325,000	470,034	2.2%	4.1%	-28.0%
Supermarkets	84,214	86,647	85,611	88,768	-2.8%	-1.6%	-5.1%
Telecommunications	23,082	23,214	23,316	40,414	-0.6%	-1.0%	-42.9%
Transportation & Logistics	196,727	203,511	207,786	343,880	-3.3%	-5.3%	-42.8%
Travel & Tourism	22,799	21,961	19,998	95,756	3.8%	14.0%	-76.2%
Wholesale	18,266	17,796	16,679	31,317	2.6%	9.5%	-41.7%

Source: Glassdoor Job Market Report, June 16, 2020

Table B: Change in Job Openings by Industry Group

	Job Openings				Percent Change
	Jun 8, 2020	Jun 1, 2020	May 11, 2020	Jun 10, 2019
Category	Current Week	Last Week	Last Month	Last Year	Week-over-Week	Month-over-Month	Year-over-Year
Total	4,340,227	4,351,804	4,455,234	6,012,323	-0.3%	-2.6%	-27.8%
Business Services	157,145	156,770	158,047	209,685	0.2%	-0.6%	-25.1%
Construction & Real Estate Services	162,309	161,594	157,792	210,301	0.4%	2.9%	-22.8%
Consumer Services	213,568	208,298	204,647	418,706	2.5%	4.4%	-49.0%
Finance & Insurance	143,910	140,588	146,282	223,872	2.4%	-1.6%	-35.7%
Food Services	444,404	451,799	443,580	535,977	-1.6%	0.2%	-17.1%
Health Care	659,579	663,878	671,684	945,760	-0.6%	-1.8%	-30.3%
Production	241,670	243,594	251,911	374,228	-0.8%	-4.1%	-35.4%
Public Services	334,075	328,883	346,651	455,178	1.6%	-3.6%	-26.6%
Retail	429,429	424,636	417,311	572,165	1.1%	3%	-24.9%
Tech	291,768	296,954	373,116	382,635	-1.7%	-21.8%	-23.7%
Trade & Transportation	214,993	221,307	224,465	375,197	-2.9%	-4.2%	-42.7%

Source: Glassdoor Job Market Report, June 16, 2020

Table C: Change in Job Openings by State

	Job Openings				Percent Change
	Jun 8, 2020	Jun 1, 2020	May 11, 2020	Jun 10, 2019
Category	Current Week	Last Week	Last Month	Last Year	Week-over-Week	Month-over-Month	Year-over-Year
Total	4,340,227	4,351,804	4,455,234	6,012,323	-0.3%	-2.6%	-27.8%
Remote	9,642	8,631	8,522	8,734	11.7%	13.1%	10.4%
AK	9,225	9,208	9,352	12,156	0.2%	-1.4%	-24.1%
AL	61,191	61,077	59,991	78,270	0.2%	2.0%	-21.8%
AR	32,129	32,473	32,155	41,666	-1.1%	-0.1%	-22.9%
AZ	93,100	92,303	89,737	125,208	0.9%	3.7%	-25.6%
CA	467,535	466,530	477,907	673,830	0.2%	-2.2%	-30.6%
CO	90,457	92,871	92,638	130,447	-2.6%	-2.4%	-30.7%
CT	50,501	51,247	52,329	67,776	-1.5%	-3.5%	-25.5%
DC	33,704	34,037	35,068	44,532	-1.0%	-3.9%	-24.3%
DE	16,034	15,813	16,417	19,424	1.4%	-2.3%	-17.5%
FL	230,740	228,097	227,281	320,026	1.2%	1.5%	-27.9%
GA	138,137	138,278	139,845	202,478	-0.1%	-1.2%	-31.8%
HI	11,923	11,964	12,487	20,123	-0.3%	-4.5%	-40.7%
IA	44,695	45,462	45,451	63,030	-1.7%	-1.7%	-29.1%
ID	18,666	18,887	18,074	22,088	-1.2%	3.3%	-15.5%
IL	172,773	172,139	179,539	258,642	0.4%	-3.8%	-33.2%
IN	95,525	96,126	96,658	121,646	-0.6%	-1.2%	-21.5%
KS	40,559	41,210	41,546	53,742	-1.6%	-2.4%	-24.5%
KY	60,063	60,248	59,433	72,143	-0.3%	1.1%	-16.7%
LA	49,364	49,554	48,604	64,077	-0.4%	1.6%	-23.0%
MA	130,773	131,887	171,775	194,223	-0.8%	-23.9%	-32.7%
MD	104,398	103,980	106,970	134,629	0.4%	-2.4%	-22.5%
ME	21,194	21,713	22,172	26,211	-2.4%	-4.4%	-19.1%
MI	113,670	112,690	118,494	153,395	0.9%	-4.1%	-25.9%
MN	82,124	82,260	80,439	115,774	-0.2%	2.1%	-29.1%
MO	81,160	80,706	81,456	114,917	0.6%	-0.4%	-29.4%
MS	30,510	31,626	30,458	36,920	-3.5%	0.2%	-17.4%
MT	12,906	12,775	12,701	15,006	1.0%	1.6%	-14.0%
NC	142,319	141,716	147,405	208,760	0.4%	-3.5%	-31.8%
ND	11,592	11,967	11,994	18,320	-3.1%	-3.4%	-36.7%
NE	26,321	26,982	26,731	33,435	-2.4%	-1.5%	-21.3%
NH	23,089	23,499	27,084	32,922	-1.7%	-14.8%	-29.9%
NJ	125,752	127,892	139,477	151,184	-1.7%	-9.8%	-16.8%
NM	31,886	32,158	32,107	40,413	-0.8%	-0.7%	-21.1%
NV	33,705	33,810	33,495	50,273	-0.3%	0.6%	-33.0%
NY	210,188	210,260	222,448	306,145	0.0%	-5.5%	-31.3%
OH	155,394	153,656	154,408	209,051	1.1%	0.6%	-25.7%
OK	44,357	44,519	44,036	58,981	-0.4%	0.7%	-24.8%
OR	50,994	50,598	49,616	72,600	0.8%	2.8%	-29.8%
PA	190,904	191,765	204,697	241,440	-0.4%	-6.7%	-20.9%
RI	14,846	15,312	16,345	19,466	-3.0%	-9.2%	-23.7%
SC	70,064	70,202	69,413	92,373	-0.2%	0.9%	-24.2%
SD	13,783	13,825	13,344	16,421	-0.3%	3.3%	-16.1%
TN	90,594	90,453	89,405	126,045	0.2%	1.3%	-28.1%
TX	329,289	330,338	327,276	473,663	-0.3%	0.6%	-30.5%
UT	39,217	38,760	38,223	51,855	1.2%	2.6%	-24.4%
VA	148,881	148,535	150,143	198,436	0.2%	-0.8%	-25.0%
VT	10,058	10,111	10,284	13,550	-0.5%	-2.2%	-25.8%
WA	116,142	119,568	117,212	154,849	-2.9%	-0.9%	-25.0%
WI	78,353	80,980	82,123	111,514	-3.2%	-4.6%	-29.7%
WV	27,368	27,828	27,090	31,078	-1.7%	1.0%	-11.9%
WY	9,179	9,287	9,454	12,373	-1.2%	-2.9%	-25.8%

Source: Glassdoor Job Market Report, June 16, 2020

Table D: Change in Job Openings for Select Metropolitan Areas

	Job Openings				Percent Change
	Jun 8, 2020	Jun 1, 2020	May 11, 2020	Jun 10, 2019
Category	Current Week	Last Week	Last Month	Last Year	Week-over-Week	Month-over-Month	Year-over-Year
Total	4,340,227	4,351,804	4,455,234	6,012,323	-0.3%	-2.6%	-27.8%
Atlanta, GA	82,618	82,747	82,543	128,363	-0.2%	0.1%	-35.6%
Boston, MA	103,091	103,665	138,618	158,701	-0.6%	-25.6%	-35.0%
Chicago, IL	134,482	133,659	140,873	199,204	0.6%	-4.5%	-32.5%
Houston, TX	67,008	67,437	66,115	98,194	-0.6%	1.4%	-31.8%
Los Angeles, CA	149,649	146,892	148,534	219,760	1.9%	0.8%	-31.9%
New York City, NY	225,572	227,438	249,132	308,717	-0.8%	-9.5%	-26.9%
Philadelphia, PA	86,485	85,569	86,974	115,458	1.1%	-0.6%	-25.1%
San Francisco, CA	99,080	99,113	105,737	148,636	0.0%	-6.3%	-33.3%
Seattle, WA	85,367	88,488	85,089	115,410	-3.5%	0.3%	-26.0%
Washington, DC	138,799	139,630	144,347	185,984	-0.6%	-3.8%	-25.4%

Source: Glassdoor Job Market Report, June 16, 2020